A cewar masanin Falsafa na Ingilishi; John Locke, komai yana cikin yanayin juzu'i. Wannan bayanin ya kasance gaskiya ne ga biyan kuɗi da tsarin kuɗi na duniya inda abubuwa suka canza sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Mutane sun ƙara gano dacewa, amintattu, da zaɓuɓɓukan biyan kuɗi nan take tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira.
Saboda wadannan sabbin abubuwa, tsarin banki na gargajiya ya fuskanci cikas da yawa daga masu farawa da manyan kamfanonin fasaha. Waɗannan "hargitsi" sun haifar da tartsatsi da ingantaccen hanyoyin biyan kuɗi na kan iyaka. Ɗaya daga cikin rikice-rikice masu yawa shine zuwan stablecoins.
A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, stablecoins sun sami karbuwa sosai, kuma masu saka hannun jari masu ban sha'awa sun shiga cikin duniyar stablecoins. Yawancin 'yan kasuwa sun yarda cewa hanya ce mai kyau don kasancewa cikin daidaito a cikin kasuwar cryptocurrency mai canzawa koyaushe.
Za mu gudanar da duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da stablecoins. Za mu kuma gaya muku dalilin da yasa statscoins ke da mahimmanci da kuma yadda zaku iya amfani da su a cikin fayil ɗin saka hannun jari kuma ku sami riba.
Menene Stablecoin?
A cikin cryptocurrency, ƙimar tsabar kudin tana dogara ne akan ƙimar kasuwar sa gabaɗaya. Ƙarfin buƙata da wadata yana rinjayar darajar kasuwa. Waɗannan rundunonin sun fi shafan matakin amincewa da 'yan kasuwa ke da shi a cikin wani cryptocurrency.
Ba kamar cryptocurrencies ba, Stablecoins galibi ana goyan bayansu ta hanyar zahirin kadarori da ake iya tantancewa ko dai akan Blockchain ko kuma bayanan ƙungiyar da ta dace.
Hakanan, tare da kwanciyar hankalin da stablecoins ke bayarwa da sarrafa kai tsaye da tsaro da blockchain ke bayarwa, yana kama da za a sami yawancin bargacoins da ke tafiya a nan gaba.
Tare da stablecoins, duniyar kuɗi na iya ɓata layi tsakanin agogon fiat, kamar dalar Amurka da cryptocurrencies.
Nau'in Stablecoins
Kodayake wannan ba shine babban abin da wannan labarin ya mayar da hankali ba, za mu ɗan taɓa manyan nau'ikan stablecoins. Wannan zai ba mu kyakkyawar fahimtar yadda stablecoins ke aiki.
Fiat-Backed stablecoins
Nau'o'in farko na stablecoins ana tallafawa ne ta hanyar kuɗaɗen fiat da babban bankin ya bayar. A wannan yanayin, stablecoin shine kawai wakilcin tsarin haɗin gwiwar wannan kudin. Misali, zaku iya mallakar wani yanki na ainihin kuɗaɗen kuɗi kamar USD ta hanyar riƙe statscoin wanda ke goyan bayan rabo ɗaya-daya zuwa dala.
Don ɓata kwanciyar hankali mai goyan bayan fiat, kawai kuna buƙatar halakar da stablecoin kuma ku janye kwatankwacin dalar ku. Wannan yana da kyau saboda ana iya samun tabbacin cewa ƙimar ita ce wakilcin dijital na dalar Amurka.
A wasu lokuta akwai shakku da aka taso game da wanzuwar ajiyar kuɗi (Ina kallon ku, Tether ...) amma a cikin 'yan watannin nan, bayyanawa game da kadarorin da aka yi amfani da su don tallafawa sun karu don wasu manyan tsabar kudi masu goyon bayan fiat kamar USDC.
Stablecoins masu goyon bayan Crypto
Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, kwanciyar hankali na Crypto yana aiki daidai da waɗanda ke goyan bayan fiat. Koyaya, bambancin shine cewa waɗannan statscoins ana tallafawa tare da wani cryptocurrency.
Wani bambanci shi ne rabo tsakanin jingina da kuma stablecoin. Wannan shine sakamakon rashin zaman lafiyar crypto idan aka kwatanta da kudaden fiat.
Tare da fiat ago kamar dala, za ku iya tabbatar da rabon daya-da-daya. Koyaya, statscoins masu goyan bayan crypto suna da ƙimar haɗin kai mafi girma.
Don haka, ƙimar kwanciyar hankali na crypto ya dogara da ƙimar cryptocurrency da ake tambaya. Ta wannan hanyar, duk tsarin yana wanzu akan blockchain kuma yana iya samun lokuta masu amfani da yawa.
Fitattun misalan su ne tsabar kudi kamar DAI da RAI.
Stablecoins ba ko wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwa
Ba kamar duka nau'ikan stablecoins da aka jera a sama ba, waɗannan nau'ikan stablecoins suna yin ayyukan babban bankin ta amfani da kwangiloli masu wayo. Ana kula da waɗannan kwangilolin ta amfani da algorithms masu ƙarfi na AI waɗanda ke lura da farashin waɗannan stablecoins.
A cikin lokuta inda kudade kamar dalar Amurka ko Ether suka rushe, ba tare da haɗin kai ba, a ka'idar, za su rayu a matsayin hanyar adana ƙima.
FRAX misali ne mai kyau ga wani yanki mai haɗin gwiwa.
Mafi Shahararrun Stablecoins a cikin Kasuwar Crypto
Yanzu da muka san nau'ikan stablecoins bari mu kalli kaɗan daga cikin mashahurin stablecoins akan kasuwa:
USDT
Har ila yau, an san shi da Tether, wannan stablecoin yana da alaƙa da dalar Amurka kuma yana kula da rabon 1-to-1 tare da dalar Amurka. Yana da tushen blockchain wanda alamun sa koyaushe daidai yake da dalar Amurka $1.00.
Tether kuma shine babban tushen kuɗi don kasuwar crypto. A cewar CryptoCompare, 57% na cinikin bitcoin a cikin Fabrairu 2021 an yi shi akan USDT. An ƙera USDT a matsayin duka matsakaicin ajiya da kuma yanayin adana ƙimar.
Dangane da darajar kasuwancin sa na sama da dala biliyan 78 a cikin Fabrairu 2022, Tether ita ce ta uku mafi girma cryptocurrency a duniya.
Ko da yake yana da kyau a ambaci cewa akwai wasu damuwa tare da Tether, yayin da masu zuba jari ke damuwa cewa Tether na iya zama ba shi da isassun ajiyar dala don ajiye dala biliyan kusan dala biliyan 78.
USDC (tsabar tsabar kudin da aka tsara)
Hakanan ana haɗa kuɗin USD (USDC) tare da dalar Amurka, kuma shine tushen Ethereum stablecoin tare da wakilci akan sauran sarƙoƙi kuma. An ƙirƙiri shi don yin alamar dalar Amurka.
An ƙaddamar da shi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin musayar crypto Coinbase da mai ba da sabis na kuɗi, Circle a cikin 2018.
Ko da yake an ƙera wannan kuɗin don ya tsaya tsayin daka, yana kuma tafiya ta canje-canje masu sauƙi. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon canje-canje ga wadata da buƙata. USDC ya kasance a kowane lokaci mafi girma na $1.19 kuma mafi ƙarancin lokaci na $0.89.
Akwai ƙarancin damuwa tare da USDC saboda ana ba da sabbin alamu ne kawai akan buƙata. Don ƙirƙirar sabuwar alama, kuna buƙatar aika dalar Amurka daidai da asusun banki mai bayarwa.
DAI (tsabar kuɗi da aka haɗa da rarrabawa)
DAI wani shahararren ɗan kasuwa ne wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙimar dalar Amurka. DAI yana kiyaye rabon 1:1 tare da dalar Amurka ta hanyar kulle wasu kadarorin crypto a cikin kwangiloli. MakerDAO ne ke tafiyar da DAI ta amfani da buɗaɗɗen software mai suna dandamalin ƙa'idar Maker. Aikace-aikacen da aka raba shi ne wanda ke gudana akan blockchain Ethereum.
Yana aiki tare da fasalulluka na DeFi (tsararrun kuɗi) waɗanda ke ba da damar rance, lamuni da ciniki. Ana iya siyan shi kai tsaye daga musayar crypto ta amfani da agogon fiat kamar dalar Amurka ko dalar Kanada.
Ba kamar sauran statscoins waɗanda ke samun ƙimar su daga wasu kadarori ba, DAI tana kula da ƙimar ta ta amfani da bashin haɗin gwiwa a cikin ETH.
An tsara DAI ta hanyar da ba za a iya canza wadatar DAI ta kowace ƙungiya ba. Tare da yin amfani da kwangiloli masu wayo akan blockchain Ethereum, tsarin zai iya amsa canje-canje a farashin kasuwa na kadarorin.
Hatsari ga kasuwa daga tsayayyen tsabar kudi
Yayin da stablecoins ke ba da haske na bege, akwai kuma damuwa daga masana tattalin arziki da manazarta kudi. Wasu sun yi nuni da yuwuwar rugujewar kasuwa sakamakon cinkoson al'amura.
Dukkan ma'anar blockchain shine ƙaddamarwa: Gaskiyar cewa tsarin yana raguwa kuma iko ba ya kwanta tare da jam'iyya guda. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa fasahar blockchain ke karewa daga kuɗin gargajiya.
Koyaya, tare da stablecoins, ana tambayar wannan matakin bayyana gaskiya da rashin canzawa. Wannan shi ne saboda mahaɗan guda ɗaya ne ke sarrafa babban wadata na stablecoins. Misali, wani kamfani mai suna Tether ne ke sarrafa USDT. Wannan kamfani yana sarrafa yawan samarwa da rarrabawa na USDT kuma zai yi aiki da farko tare da sha'awar zuciya.
Sauran bargacoins, kamar USDC suna fuskantar manyan haɗarin mai sarrafa Amurka yayin da wasu, kamar DAI, an haɗa su da wani yanki ta amfani da wasu statscoins kamar USDC. Duk wannan tare yana haifar da haɗarin kwanciyar hankali ga duk tattalin arzikin DeFi.
Hakanan, tare da statscoins ana haɗa su zuwa agogon fiat, akwai haɗarin hauhawar farashi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kuke buƙatar yada dukiyar ku a cikin statscoins daban-daban kuma ku guje wa zari.
TSORO…
A yau, Bitcoin ya kasance mafi mashahuri cryptocurrency. Koyaya, an sami sauyin farashin da yawa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata.
Fara daga kusan $ 3,000 a tsayin cutar a cikin 2020; zuwa $69,000 a cikin 2021, sannan faduwa da fiye da 50% zuwa kusan $35,000.
Kodayake waɗannan sauye-sauye na iya zama kamar al'ada ga 'yan kasuwa na crypto, galibi suna damuwa da waje. Shi ya sa zuwan stablecoins (idan za su iya kula da kwanciyar hankali) wani ci gaba ne maraba.
Stablecoins na ci gaba da girma a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin kasuwancin kuɗi. Koyaya, ana tsammanin za a sami ƙarin bincike da saita ƙa'idodi don gudanar da yadda waɗannan statscoins (da cryptocurrency gabaɗaya) ke aiki.